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Clearance is an important technical parameter for the cooperation of rolling bearings, which directly affects the bearing performance, vibration, noise, wear, temperature rise, service life and mechanical running accuracy. The basic dynamic load rating of the bearing varies with the size of the clearance. The basic dynamic load rating in the bearing sample is the recommended value for the bearing working clearance to zero. If the clearance is too large, the number of bearing rolling elements is reduced, the bearing capacity is reduced, the rolling contact surface stress is increased, the running precision of the bearing is decreased, the vibration and noise are increased, and the service life is shortened; if the clearance is too small, the bearing heat is caused. The temperature rises and even causes the bearing to bite during operation. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the bearing clearance according to the bearing type and working conditions. The radial clearance of the bearing includes the original clearance, the assembly clearance and the working clearance. The working clearance directly affects the service life of the bearing and is affected by factors such as installation conditions and working conditions. Taking the cylindrical roller bearing as an example, the influencing factors and selection of the radial working clearance are discussed.
1 Factors affecting the radial working clearance of the bearing
1 .1 elastic contact deformation of rolling elements and ferrules
1 .2 interference fit between the ferrule and the journal and housing
1.3 Elastic fluid dynamic pressure lubricant film between rolling element and ferrule
1.4 Effect of bearing temperature rise
2 Reasonable choice of bearing radial clearance
The main factors affecting the radial clearance of the rolling bearing are analyzed above. The elastic contact deformation between the rolling element and the inner and outer rings caused by the working load increases the radial clearance of the bearing, and the other factors reduce the radial clearance of the bearing. Considering other factors such as lubricating oil, rotating speed, bearing quality and assembly structure, the radial working clearance of the bearing, in order to make the bearing work normally, its radial working clearance Δ should satisfy the following formula Δ≥(Δ2 +Δ3 + Δ4-Δ1)
The factors affecting the working clearance of the bearing are more complicated. The calculation method of the radial clearance group of the bearing discussed in this paper does not include all the influencing factors, but quantitatively considers the main factors affecting the bearing clearance. The practical application results show that the calculation method can meet the requirements of radial clearance selection of bearings. Compared with the traditional method of selecting recommended values through qualitative analysis, it is more suitable for specific conditions and more reliable, which can ensure that the bearings are under specific working conditions. The best working clearance state.